Reading Rates: MBA Application Survey – May 14 2008

The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) publishes the results of a weekly applications survey that covers roughly 50 percent of all residential mortgage originations and tracks the average interest rate for 30 year and 15 year fixed rate mortgages, 1 year ARMs as well as application volume for both purchase and refinance applications.

The purchase application index has been highlighted as a particularly important data series as it very broadly captures the demand side of residential real estate for both new and existing home purchases.

The latest data is showing that the average rate for a 30 year fixed rate mortgage decreased 9 basis points since last week to 5.82% while the purchase application volume decreased by 0.7% and the refinance application volume increased 6.5% compared to last week’s results.

It’s important to note that the average interest rate on an 80% LTV 30 year fixed rate loan has dipped just below the range seen throughout 2007 while the interest rate for an 80% LTV 1 year ARM remains elevated now resting 78 basis points ABOVE the rate of an average 80% LTV 30 year fixed rate loan despite all the herculean efforts by the Federal Reserve to bring rates down.

Also note that all application volume values reflect only “initial” applications NOT approved applications… i.e. originations… actual originations would likely be notably lower than the applications.

The following chart shows how the principle and interest cost and estimated annual income required to cover the PITI (using the 29% “rule of thumb”) on a $400,000 loan has changed since November 2006.

The following chart shows the average interest rate for 30 year and 15 year fixed rate mortgages over the last number of weeks (click for larger version).


The following charts show the Purchase Index, Refinance Index and Market Composite Index since November 2006 (click for larger versions).

Construction Spending: March 2008

Today, the U.S. Census Bureau released their March read of construction spending again demonstrating the significant extent to which private residential construction is contracting particularly for single family structures while non-residential spending continued to grow essentially in-line with its recent expansion.

With the tremendous weakening trend continuing, total residential construction spending fell 19.90% as compared to March 2007 and 36.06% from the peak set in February 2006.

Worse off though was private single family residential construction spending which declined 36.14% as compared to March 2007 and a truly grotesque 54.56% from the peak set in February 2006.

Non-residential construction spending, currently accounting for just under half of all private construction spending, remains the only pillar of strength gaining 15.43% as compared to March 2007.

As was noted in prior posts, commercial real estate (CRE) appears to be coming under some pressure with increasing vacancy rates and falling prices.

Keep your eye on the last chart in the months to come for a clear indication of an continued pullback.

The following charts (click for larger versions) show private residential construction spending, private residential single family construction spending and private non-residential construction spending broken out and plotted since 1993 along with the year-over-year and peak percent change to each since 1994 and 2000 – 2005.

Reading Rates: MBA Application Survey – April 16 2008

The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) publishes the results of a weekly applications survey that covers roughly 50 percent of all residential mortgage originations and tracks the average interest rate for 30 year and 15 year fixed rate mortgages, 1 year ARMs as well as application volume for both purchase and refinance applications.

The purchase application index has been highlighted as a particularly important data series as it very broadly captures the demand side of residential real estate for both new and existing home purchases.

The latest data is showing that the average rate for a 30 year fixed rate mortgage decreased 4 basis point since last week to 5.74% while the purchase application volume decreased by 0.8% and the refinance application volume increased 5.2% compared to last week’s results.

It’s important to note that all application volume values reflect only “initial” applications NOT approved applications… i.e. originations…

Also important to note, the average 30 year fixed mortgage rate has remained just under the mean seen during 2007 while the interest rate for an 80% LTV 1 year ARM has remained elevated now resting 128 basis points above the rate of an average 80% LTV 30 year fixed rate loan.

It’s important to note that the data is reported (and charted) weekly and that the rate data represents average interest rates, and the index data represents mortgage loan application volume for home purchases, home refinances and a composite of all loans.

The following chart shows how the principle and interest cost and estimated annual income required to cover the PITI (using the 29% “rule of thumb”) on a $400,000 loan has changed since November 2006.

The following chart shows the average interest rate for 30 year and 15 year fixed rate mortgages over the last number of weeks (click for larger version).


The following charts show the Purchase Index, Refinance Index and Market Composite Index since November 2006 (click for larger versions).

Conspicuous Correlation: Retail Sales March 2008

Today, the U.S. Census Bureau released its latest nominal read on retail sales showing a increase of 0.2% from February 2008 and 2.0% since March 2007 on an aggregate of all items including food, fuel and healthcare services.

Discretionary retail sales including home furnishings, home garden and building materials, consumer electronics and department store sales, on the other hand, experienced a significant decline falling 0.58% since February 2008 and 3.66% compared to March 2007.

Further, adjusted for inflation, discretionary retail sales declined 0.61% since February 2008 and 7.05% since March 2007.

On a “nominal” basis, there appeared to be “rough correlation” between strong home value appreciation and strong retail spending preceding the housing bust and an even stronger correlation when home values started to decline.

The following charts show the initial analysis plotting the year-over-year change to an aggregate series consisting of the primary discretionary retail sales categories that I termed the “discretionary” retail sales series and the year-over-year change to the S&P/Case-Shiller Composite home price index since 1993 and since 2000.


As you can see there was, at the very least, a coincidental change to home values and consumer spending during the boom and then the bust, but as home values have continued to decline, retail spending has remained low but has not continued to consistently contract.

One problem with this initial analysis is that both retail sales and the S&P/Case-Shiller Composite index are reported in “nominal” (i.e. non-inflation adjusted) terms and thus result in a somewhat skewed view especially for the retail sales data.

In fact, the year-over-year change to “nominal” discretionary retail sales has been positive for seven of the last eight months while the year-over-year change to “real” discretionary retail sales has been negative for twelve straight months (see the following chart).

The key point here is that although inflation (as reported by the CPI) has been relatively stable in recent years it is always a factor and in light of the latest surprise increases to the CPI results as well as many anecdotal reports of producers now passing through increasing energy prices to the consumer, it’s important to adjust retail sales (and home values) in order to fully understand its direction.


As you can see from the above charts (click for larger version), adjusted for inflation (CPI for retail sales, CPI less shelter for S&P/Case-Shiller Composite) the “rough correlation” between the year-over-year change to the “discretionary” retail sales series and the year-over-year S&P/Case-Shiller Composite series seems now even more significant.

Given the anecdotal accounts of homeowners drawing equity out of their homes with refi’s and HELOCs and using the proceeds to buy consumer goods, it could be interesting to attempt to “shift” the retail spending in time as the decline to home values would surely precede a pullback in consumer spending but for now I’ll leave it aligned and work on the shifting in a later post.

In past posts I attempted to build a 12 month moving Pearson’s correlation series in order to demonstrate the true correlation between the rate of change of both discretionary retail sales and home values but although the movements may be coincidental, they really share no actual binding correlation.

I may dust off the correlation chart in future posts but for now let’s just assume that both home values and discretionary retail sales are not doing very well, especially in “real” terms and the correlation is at least coincidental with the overall unhealthy state of the economy.

Reading Rates: MBA Application Survey – April 09 2008

The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) publishes the results of a weekly applications survey that covers roughly 50 percent of all residential mortgage originations and tracks the average interest rate for 30 year and 15 year fixed rate mortgages, 1 year ARMs as well as application volume for both purchase and refinance applications.

The purchase application index has been highlighted as a particularly important data series as it very broadly captures the demand side of residential real estate for both new and existing home purchases.

The latest data is showing that the average rate for a 30 year fixed rate mortgage increased 3 basis point since last week to 5.78% while the purchase application volume increased by 8.1% and the refinance application volume increased 3.4% compared to last week’s results.

It’s important to note that all application volume values reflect only “initial” applications NOT approved applications… i.e. originations…

Also important to note, the average 30 year fixed mortgage rate has decreased significantly in the last few weeks but still remain just under the mean seen during 2007 while the interest rate for an 80% LTV 1 year ARM jumped significantly and now rests 128 basis points above the rate of an average 80% LTV 30 year fixed rate loan.

It’s important to note that the data is reported (and charted) weekly and that the rate data represents average interest rates, and the index data represents mortgage loan application volume for home purchases, home refinances and a composite of all loans.

The following chart shows how the principle and interest cost and estimated annual income required to cover the PITI (using the 29% “rule of thumb”) on a $400,000 loan has changed since November 2006.

The following chart shows the average interest rate for 30 year and 15 year fixed rate mortgages over the last number of weeks (click for larger version).


The following charts show the Purchase Index, Refinance Index and Market Composite Index since November 2006 (click for larger versions).

Reading Rates: MBA Application Survey – March 26 2008

The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) publishes the results of a weekly applications survey that covers roughly 50 percent of all residential mortgage originations and tracks the average interest rate for 30 year and 15 year fixed rate mortgages, 1 year ARMs as well as application volume for both purchase and refinance applications.

The purchase application index has been highlighted as a particularly important data series as it very broadly captures the demand side of residential real estate for both new and existing home purchases.

The latest data is showing that the average rate for a 30 year fixed rate mortgage decreased 24 basis points since last week to 5.74% while the purchase application volume increased by 10.6% and the refinance application volume jumped a whopping 82.2% compared to last week’s results.

The volume series are noisy to say the least so it would be sensible to wait a few weeks before drawing any serious conclusion from today’s spike in refinance activity and always remember that all application volume values reflect only “initial” applications NOT approved applications… i.e. originations…

Also important to note, the average 30 year fixed mortgage rate has decreased significantly in the last few weeks but still remain within the mean seen during 2007 while the interest rate for an 80% LTV 1 year ARM jumped significantly and now rests 128 basis points above the rate of an average 80% LTV 30 year fixed rate loan.

It’s important to note that the data is reported (and charted) weekly and that the rate data represents average interest rates, and the index data represents mortgage loan application volume for home purchases, home refinances and a composite of all loans.

The following chart shows how the principle and interest cost and estimated annual income required to cover the PITI (using the 29% “rule of thumb”) on a $400,000 loan has changed since November 2006.

The following chart shows the average interest rate for 30 year and 15 year fixed rate mortgages over the last number of weeks (click for larger version).


The following charts show the Purchase Index, Refinance Index and Market Composite Index since November 2006 (click for larger versions).

S&P/Case-Shiller: January 2008

Today’s release of the S&P/Case-Shiller home price indices for January continues to reflect the tremendous weakness seen in the nation’s housing markets with now 19 of the 20 metro areas tracked reporting year-over-year declines and ALL metro areas showing substantial declines from their respective peaks.

Furthermore, the decline to the 10 city composite index declined a record 11.41% as compared to January 2007 far surpassing the all prior year-over-year decline records firmly placing the current decline in uncharted territory in terms of relative intensity.

This report appears to indicate that we have now firmly entered the serious price “free-fall” phase (look at the charts below) of the housing decline.

Topping the list of peak decliners was Detroit at -21.16%, San Diego at -21.13%, Phoenix at -20.82%, Las Vegas at -20.76%, Miami at -19.75%, Tampa at -18.25%, Los Angeles at -18.08%, San Francisco at -15.83%, Washington at -15.23%, Cleveland at -12.15%, Minneapolis at -11.66%, Boston at -10.89% and Denver at -8.05%.

Additionally, both of the broad composite indices showed accelerating declines slumping -13.36% for the 10 city national index and 12.53% for the 20 city national index on a peak comparison basis.

Also, it’s important to note that Boston, having been cited as a possible example of price declines abating, has continued its decline dropping -3.39% on a year-over-year basis and a solid -10.89% from the peak set back in September 2005.

As I had noted in prior posts, Boston has a strong degree of seasonality to its price movements and with both the seasonal drop in sales and the recent stunning new decline to sales as a result of both the looming recession working to erode confidence and the continued lack of affordable Jumbo and Alt-A loans, Boston may continue to decline even through the traditionally string spring selling season.

To better visualize the results use the PaperEconomy S&P/Case-Shiller/Futures Charting Tool as well as the PaperEconomy Home Value Calculator and be sure to read the Tutorial in order to best understand how best to utilize the tool.

The following chart (click for larger version) shows the percent change to single family home prices given by the Case-Shiller Indices as compared to each metros respective price peak set between 2005 and 2007.

The following chart (click for larger version) shows the percent change to single family home prices given by the Case-Shiller Indices as on a year-over-year basis.

Additionally, in order to add some historical context to the perspective, I updated my “then and now” CSI charts that compare our current circumstances to the data seen during 90s housing decline.

To create the following annual charts I simply aligned the CSI data from the last month of positive year-over-year gains for both the current decline and the 90s housing bust and plotted the data with side-by-side columns (click for larger version).

What’s most interesting about this particular comparison is that it highlights both how young the current housing decline is and clearly shows that the latest bust has surpassed the prior bust in terms of intensity.

Looking at the actual index values normalized and compared from the respective peaks, you can see that we are only eighteen months into a decline that, last cycle, lasted for roughly fifty four months during the last cycle (click the following chart for larger version).

The “peak” chart compares the percentage change, comparing monthly CSI values to the peak value seen just prior to the first declining month all the way through the downturn and the full recovery of home prices.


In this way, this chart captures ALL months of the downturn from the peak to trough to peak again.

As you can see the last downturn lasted 97 months (over 8 years) peak to peak including roughly 43 months of annual price declines during the heart of the downturn.

Notice that peak declines have been FAR more significant to date and, keeping in mind that our current run-up was many times more magnificent than the 80s-90s run-up, it is not inconceivable that current decline will run deeper and last longer.

Follow The Leader: Index of Leading Economic Indicators February 2008

Today’s results of the Conference Board’s Index of Leading Economic Indicators continues to predict troubled times ahead declining 0.4% from January’s revised level and 1.53% on a year-over-year basis compared to February 2007, a fifth straight monthly decline and sixth straight year-over-year decline leaving the index at 135.4.

It’s important to note that a year-over-year decline greater than 1.5% has ONLY preceded EVERY recession that has occurred in the last 59 years so the six significant consecutive year-over-year declines strongly suggests that overall the components of the index are indicating that recession is either here or very near.

Note that at the end of March, The Conference Board will release its annual benchmark revision to the index as some of the source data is updated.